WWW::RobotRules - Online Linux Manual PageSection : 3
Updated : 2022-01-21
Source : perl v5.34.0
Note : User Contributed Perl Documentation
NAMEWWW::RobotRules − database of robots.txt−derived permissions
SYNOPSIS use WWW::RobotRules;
my $rules = WWW::RobotRules−>new('MOMspider/1.0');
use LWP::Simple qw(get);
{
my $url = "http://some.place/robots.txt";
my $robots_txt = get $url;
$rules−>parse($url, $robots_txt) if defined $robots_txt;
}
{
my $url = "http://some.other.place/robots.txt";
my $robots_txt = get $url;
$rules−>parse($url, $robots_txt) if defined $robots_txt;
}
# Now we can check if a URL is valid for those servers
# whose "robots.txt" files we've gotten and parsed:
if($rules−>allowed($url)) {
$c = get $url;
...
}
DESCRIPTIONThis module parses /robots.txt files as specified in ‟A Standard for Robot Exclusion”, at <http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/norobots.html> Webmasters can use the /robots.txt file to forbid conforming robots from accessing parts of their web site. The parsed files are kept in a WWW::RobotRules object, and this object provides methods to check if access to a given URL is prohibited. The same WWW::RobotRules object can be used for one or more parsed /robots.txt files on any number of hosts. The following methods are provided: $rules = WWW::RobotRules−>new($robot_name) This is the constructor for WWW::RobotRules objects. The first argument given to new() is the name of the robot. $rules−>parse($robot_txt_url, $content, $fresh_until) The parse() method takes as arguments the URL that was used to retrieve the /robots.txt file, and the contents of the file. $rules−>allowed($uri) Returns TRUE if this robot is allowed to retrieve this URL. $rules−>agent([$name]) Get/set the agent name. NOTE: Changing the agent name will clear the robots.txt rules and expire times out of the cache.
ROBOTS.TXTThe format and semantics of the ‟/robots.txt” file are as follows (this is an edited abstract of <http://www.robotstxt.org/wc/norobots.html>): The file consists of one or more records separated by one or more blank lines. Each record contains lines of the form <field−name>: <value>
The field name is case insensitive. Text after the '#' character on a line is ignored during parsing. This is used for comments. The following <field−names> can be used: User-Agent The value of this field is the name of the robot the record is describing access policy for. If more than one User-Agent field is present the record describes an identical access policy for more than one robot. At least one field needs to be present per record. If the value is '*', the record describes the default access policy for any robot that has not not matched any of the other records. The User-Agent fields must occur before the Disallow fields. If a record contains a User-Agent field after a Disallow field, that constitutes a malformed record. This parser will assume that a blank line should have been placed before that User-Agent field, and will break the record into two. All the fields before the User-Agent field will constitute a record, and the User-Agent field will be the first field in a new record. Disallow The value of this field specifies a partial URL that is not to be visited. This can be a full path, or a partial path; any URL that starts with this value will not be retrieved Unrecognized records are ignored.
ROBOTS.TXT EXAMPLESThe following example ‟/robots.txt” file specifies that no robots should visit any URL starting with ‟/cyberworld/map/” or ‟/tmp/”: User−agent: *
Disallow: /cyberworld/map/ # This is an infinite virtual URL space
Disallow: /tmp/ # these will soon disappear
This example ‟/robots.txt” file specifies that no robots should visit any URL starting with ‟/cyberworld/map/”, except the robot called ‟cybermapper”: User−agent: *
Disallow: /cyberworld/map/ # This is an infinite virtual URL space
# Cybermapper knows where to go.
User−agent: cybermapper
Disallow:
This example indicates that no robots should visit this site further: # go away
User−agent: *
Disallow: /
This is an example of a malformed robots.txt file. # robots.txt for ancientcastle.example.com
# I've locked myself away.
User−agent: *
Disallow: /
# The castle is your home now, so you can go anywhere you like.
User−agent: Belle
Disallow: /west−wing/ # except the west wing!
# It's good to be the Prince...
User−agent: Beast
Disallow:
This file is missing the required blank lines between records. However, the intention is clear.
SEE ALSOLWP::RobotUA, WWW::RobotRules::AnyDBM_File
COPYRIGHT Copyright 1995−2009, Gisle Aas
Copyright 1995, Martijn Koster
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. 0
Johanes Gumabo
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