MODULI - Online Linux Manual PageSection : 5
Updated : September 26 2012

NAME moduli Diffie-Hellman moduli

DESCRIPTIONThe /etc/ssh/moduli file contains prime numbers and generators for use by sshd(8) in the Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange key exchange method. New moduli may be generated with ssh-keygen(1) using a two-step process. An initial candidate generation pass, using ssh-keygen -G, calculates numbers that are likely to be useful. A second primality testing pass, using ssh-keygen -T, provides a high degree of assurance that the numbers are prime and are safe for use in Diffie-Hellman operations by sshd(8). This moduli format is used as the output from each pass. The file consists of newline-separated records, one per modulus, containing seven space-separated fields. These fields are as follows: timestamp The time that the modulus was last processed as YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. type Decimal number specifying the internal structure of the prime modulus. Supported types are: . Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact0 Unknown, not tested. 2 "Safe" prime; (p-1)/2 is also prime. 4 Sophie Germain; 2p+1 is also prime. Moduli candidates initially produced by ssh-keygen(1) are Sophie Germain primes (type 4). Further primality testing with ssh-keygen(1) produces safe prime moduli (type 2) that are ready for use in sshd(8). Other types are not used by OpenSSH. . It testsDecimal number indicating the type of primality tests that the number has been subjected to represented as a bitmask of the following values: . Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact. It 0x00Not tested. . It 0x01Composite number – not prime. . It 0x02Sieve of Eratosthenes. . It 0x04Probabilistic Miller-Rabin primality tests. . ElThe ssh-keygen(1) moduli candidate generation uses the Sieve of Eratosthenes (flag 0x02). Subsequent ssh-keygen(1) primality tests are Miller-Rabin tests (flag 0x04). . It trialsDecimal number indicating the number of primality trials that have been performed on the modulus. . It sizeDecimal number indicating the size of the prime in bits. . It generatorThe recommended generator for use with this modulus (hexadecimal). . It modulusThe modulus itself in hexadecimal. . ElWhen performing Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange, sshd(8) first estimates the size of the modulus required to produce enough Diffie-Hellman output to sufficiently key the selected symmetric cipher. sshd(8) then randomly selects a modulus from /etc/ssh/moduli that best meets the size requirement.

SEE ALSOssh-keygen(1), sshd(8)

STANDARDS Author nameM. Friedl Author nameN. Provos Author nameW. Simpson Publication dateMarch 2006 Technical reportRFC 4419 Article titleDiffie-Hellman Group Exchange for the Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol Publication date2006
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ERROR : Need New Coding :         (rof_unit_scale_px|46|moduli.5|58|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact )         (rof_Bl|30|moduli.5|58|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|75|0|.It tests )         (rof_unit_scale_px|46|moduli.5|79|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact )         (rof_Bl|30|moduli.5|79|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|80|0|.It 0x00 )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|82|0|.It 0x01 )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|84|0|.It 0x02 )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|86|0|.It 0x04 )         (rof_El|4|moduli.5|88|0|.El )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|96|0|.It trials )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|99|0|.It size )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|101|0|.It generator )         (rof_It|4|moduli.5|103|0|.It modulus )         (rof_El|4|moduli.5|105|0|.El )