MODULI - Online Linux Manual PageSection : 5
Updated : September 26 2012
NAME moduli —Diffie-Hellman moduli
DESCRIPTIONThe /etc/ssh/moduli file contains prime numbers and generators for use by sshd(8) in the Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange key exchange method. New moduli may be generated with ssh-keygen(1) using a two-step process. An initial candidate generation pass, using ssh-keygen -G, calculates numbers that are likely to be useful. A second primality testing pass, using ssh-keygen -T, provides a high degree of assurance that the numbers are prime and are safe for use in Diffie-Hellman operations by sshd(8). This moduli format is used as the output from each pass. The file consists of newline-separated records, one per modulus, containing seven space-separated fields. These fields are as follows: timestamp The time that the modulus was last processed as YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. type Decimal number specifying the internal structure of the prime modulus. Supported types are: . Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact0 Unknown, not tested. 2 "Safe" prime; (p-1)/2 is also prime. 4 Sophie Germain; 2p+1 is also prime. Moduli candidates initially produced by ssh-keygen(1) are Sophie Germain primes (type 4). Further primality testing with ssh-keygen(1) produces safe prime moduli (type 2) that are ready for use in sshd(8). Other types are not used by OpenSSH. . It testsDecimal number indicating the type of primality tests that the number has been subjected to represented as a bitmask of the following values: . Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact. It 0x00Not tested. . It 0x01Composite number – not prime. . It 0x02Sieve of Eratosthenes. . It 0x04Probabilistic Miller-Rabin primality tests. . ElThe ssh-keygen(1) moduli candidate generation uses the Sieve of Eratosthenes (flag 0x02). Subsequent ssh-keygen(1) primality tests are Miller-Rabin tests (flag 0x04). . It trialsDecimal number indicating the number of primality trials that have been performed on the modulus. . It sizeDecimal number indicating the size of the prime in bits. . It generatorThe recommended generator for use with this modulus (hexadecimal). . It modulusThe modulus itself in hexadecimal. . ElWhen performing Diffie-Hellman Group Exchange, sshd(8) first estimates the size of the modulus required to produce enough Diffie-Hellman output to sufficiently key the selected symmetric cipher. sshd(8) then randomly selects a modulus from /etc/ssh/moduli that best meets the size requirement.
SEE ALSOssh-keygen(1), sshd(8)
STANDARDS Author nameM. Friedl Author nameN. Provos Author nameW. Simpson Publication dateMarch 2006 Technical reportRFC 4419 Article titleDiffie-Hellman Group Exchange for the Secure Shell (SSH) Transport Layer Protocol Publication date2006 0
Johanes Gumabo
Data Size : 8,664 byte
man-moduli.5Build : 2024-12-05, 20:55 :
Visitor Screen : x
Visitor Counter ( page / site ) : 3 / 231,750
Visitor ID : :
Visitor IP : 18.191.171.121 :
Visitor Provider : AMAZON-02 :
Provider Position ( lat x lon ) : 39.962500 x -83.006100 : x
Provider Accuracy Radius ( km ) : 1000 :
Provider City : Columbus :
Provider Province : Ohio , : ,
Provider Country : United States :
Provider Continent : North America :
Visitor Recorder : Version :
Visitor Recorder : Library :
Online Linux Manual Page : Version : Online Linux Manual Page - Fedora.40 - march=x86-64 - mtune=generic - 24.12.05
Online Linux Manual Page : Library : lib_c - 24.10.03 - march=x86-64 - mtune=generic - Fedora.40
Online Linux Manual Page : Library : lib_m - 24.10.03 - march=x86-64 - mtune=generic - Fedora.40
Data Base : Version : Online Linux Manual Page Database - 24.04.13 - march=x86-64 - mtune=generic - fedora-38
Data Base : Library : lib_c - 23.02.07 - march=x86-64 - mtune=generic - fedora.36
Very long time ago, I have the best tutor, Wenzel Svojanovsky . If someone knows the email address of Wenzel Svojanovsky , please send an email to johanes_gumabo@yahoo.co.id .
If error, please print screen and send to johanes_gumabo@yahoo.co.id
Under development. Support me via PayPal.
ERROR : Need New Coding : (rof_unit_scale_px|46|moduli.5|58|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact
) (rof_Bl|30|moduli.5|58|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|75|0|.It tests
) (rof_unit_scale_px|46|moduli.5|79|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact
) (rof_Bl|30|moduli.5|79|0x00|.Bl -tag -width 0x00 -compact
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|80|0|.It 0x00
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|82|0|.It 0x01
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|84|0|.It 0x02
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|86|0|.It 0x04
) (rof_El|4|moduli.5|88|0|.El
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|96|0|.It trials
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|99|0|.It size
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|101|0|.It generator
) (rof_It|4|moduli.5|103|0|.It modulus
) (rof_El|4|moduli.5|105|0|.El
)