SHRED - Online Linux Manual PageSection : 1
Updated : January 2023
Source : GNU coreutils 9.1
Note : User Commands

NAMEshred − overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it

SYNOPSISshred [OPTION]... FILE...

DESCRIPTION Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data. If FILE is −, shred standard output. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. −f, −−force  change permissions to allow writing if necessary −n, −−iterations=N  overwrite N times instead of the default (3) −−random−source=FILE  get random bytes from FILE −s, −−size=N  shred this many bytes (suffixes like K, M, G accepted) −u  deallocate and remove file after overwriting −−remove[=HOW]  like −u but give control on HOW to delete; See below −v, −−verbose  show progress −x, −−exact  do not round file sizes up to the next full block; this is the default for non−regular files −z, −−zero  add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding −−help  display this help and exit −−version  output version information and exit Delete FILE(s) if −−remove (−u) is specified. The default is not to remove the files because it is common to operate on device files like /dev/hda, and those files usually should not be removed. The optional HOW parameter indicates how to remove a directory entry: ​'unlink' => use a standard unlink call. ​'wipe' => also first obfuscate bytes in the name. ​'wipesync' => also sync each obfuscated byte to the device. The default mode is 'wipesync', but note it can be expensive. CAUTION: shred assumes the file system and hardware overwrite data in place. Although this is common, many platforms operate otherwise. Also, backups and mirrors may contain unremovable copies that will let a shredded file be recovered later. See the GNU coreutils manual for details.

AUTHORWritten by Colin Plumb.

REPORTING BUGSGNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHTCopyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSOFull documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/shred>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) shred invocation'
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